Barriers to accessing and using health insurance cards among methadone maintenance treatment patients in northern Vietnam

Table 3 Current coverage and barriers to social health insurance among respondents

Characteristic	Rural		Urban		Total		p-value
Characteristic	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Having HI^a
No	129	85.4	680	78.6	809	79.6	0.06^¶
Yes	22	14.6	185	21.4	207	20.4
Number of people in the family with HI^b
0	27	18.6	188	22	215	21.5	0.42^¶
1	35	24.1	184	21.6	219	21.9
2	39	26.9	250	29.3	289	29
3	27	18.6	112	13.1	139	13.9
4	9	6.2	75	8.8	84	8.4
> =5	8	5.5	44	5.2	52	5.2
Types of HI among family members
Voluntary^c	67	44.4	389	45	456	44.9	0.89^¶
Compulsory^d	35	23.2	260	30.1	295	29	0.09^¶
Poor^e	11	7.3	17	2	28	2.8	<0.01^¶
Children under 6^f	15	9.9	77	8.9	92	9.1	0.68^¶
Lack of Information about HI^g
Yes	55	36.4	312	37.1	367	37	0.87^¶
No	96	63.6	529	62.9	625	63
Difficulty accessing HI^h
Yes	24	16.6	190	22.8	214	21.9	0.09^¶
No	121	83.5	643	77.2	764	78.1
Difficulty using HIⁱ
Yes	21	15.7	193	23.2	214	22.2	<0.01^¶
No	93	69.4	420	50.5	513	53.1
Unknown	20	14.9	219	26.3	239	24.7
Difficulty paying for HI^k
Yes	30	22.1	164	19.7	194	20.1	0.5^¶
No	84	61.8	498	59.9	582	60.2
Unknown	22	16.2	169	20.3	191	19.8
Expected time to pay HI (among family members)^l
Monthly	12	8.2	52	6.3	64	6.5	0.08^¶
Quarterly	77	52.7	537	64.5	614	62.8
Every six months	16	11	63	7.6	79	8.1
Annually	19	13	71	8.5	90	9.2
Unknown	22	15.1	109	13.1	131	13.4

^¶ χ ²
^a Chi-squared test = 3.68, df = 1; ^b Chi-squared test = 4.99, df = 5; ^c Chi-squared test = 0.02, df = 1; ^d Chi-squared test = 2.95, df = 1; ^eChi-squared test = 13.57, df = 1; ^f Chi-squared test = 0.17, df = 1; ^g Chi-squared test = 0.03, df = 1; ^h Chi-squared test = 2.83, df = 1; ⁱ Chi-squared test = 16.79, df = 2; ^k Chi-squared test = 1.43, df = 2; ^l Chi-squared test = 8.32, df = 4

ISSN: 1747-597X